Papers
Problemi stanovanja u Kraljevini Jugoslaviji 1918-1941 ( The housing problem in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia 1918-1941 )
Published in: History of the 20th Century, no. 1, Belgrade 2000, pp.49 - 64.
Abstract
Housing was one of the acute social problems in the interwar period, both in Belgrade and in the interior of the country. The problem is tracked, both in capital and in the interior of the country, with an emphasis on the social and legislative conditions of perception.
Summary
The problem of housing in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was segmented and was treated without general principles and solutions, which would have eliminated disparity resulting from differing degrees of progress and inherent cultural and religious variety, and would have allowed a uniform and systematic approach to the problem of housing. One of the reasons the situation remained unchanged was the material benefit that the rentiers gained from the scarcity of housing space, which was hardly alleviated by the construction of unsuitable and unhygienic living quarters or by the slow progress in housing legislation. The problem of housing never exceeded the margins of local politics, despite efforts made in legislation and through various publications to solve this problem at the national level.
Uloga i funkcionisanje "Srpskog knjizevnog glasnika" u srpskom i jugoslovenskom drustvu 1901 - 1941. godine, Povodom stogodisnjice casopisa (The Role and Functioning of the "Serbian Literary Gazette" in the Serbian and Yugoslav Society in the Period 1901-1941. On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the magazine)
Published in: Archives, Rewiew of the Archives of Yugoslavia, No.2, Belgrade 2001, pp. 113 - 126.
Abstract
The "Serbian Literary Gazette" was s a living monument for serbian national heritage, but also was the initiator of modernization in the sphere of culture. Trough various texts serbian thinking elite were broadening the spiritual horizon of Serbs and were spreeding knowledge in achievements of natural sciences, humanities, and art. Its writers and editors have contributed to the creation of a modern European cultural identity.
Summary
"Serbian Literary Gazette" ranked among the best and the most prestigious magazines in Serbia and Yugoslavia during the 20th century. From the times of being an expression of the political rebellion of the Serbian intelligentsia at the start of its publishing, it was transformed into a specific symbol of Europeization of the Serb culture. It had a broad circle of associates from almost all of the Balkan and most of the European countries. Throughout its existence it was giving an example how the people of different artistic, political and academic affinities can co-operate amongst themselves. Its founders were distinguished public personalities in the sphere of politics and culture. It was supporting the ideology of Yugoslav unity and was striving for a global democratization of society after the model of Great Britain and France. The circle of founders formed from the "Serbian Literary Gazette" a stockholding company with its managing and supervising bodies. Democratically elected management and supervisory boards were drafting general policy of the magazine, while giving the editors almost complete freedom in their work.
Kulturne veze Jugoslavije i Albanije 1946 - 1948 (Cultural Relations Beetwen Yugoslavia and Albania 1946 - 1948)
Published in: History of the 20th Century, no. 2, Belgrade 2002, pp.61 - 87.
Abstract
Yugoslavia's authorities, due to its political and economic interests, put great efforts into enabling the normalization of cultural life in Albania.
Summary
The level of rare Albanian cultural workers' performances in Yugoslavia could not satisfy the demands of the audience. Albanian delegations' visits turned into the organized demonstration of Yugoslavia's economic and cultural superiority. Under the impression of the unconditional support of Belgrade, Albanian communists demanded the cultural support that very much surpassed the moderate Yugoslavia's financial and personnel possibilities. This was especially felt in the field of classical music. Consequently, the closed circle was created in which Yugoslavia was dissatisfied with the status of culture in Albania as well as with the way the cultural policy was carried out. On the other hand, the Albanians were also not thrilled with the slow help and difficulties that appeared in the process of satisfying their cultural needs. A numerous omissions were, for the better part of it, the consequence of uncoordinated work of the cultural and art Committee of Yugoslavia's government that often needed interventions and reminding from the Interior in order to fulfill part of unreal demands and rash promises. This mutual dissatisfaction of Yugoslav and Albanian cultural institutions, although never shown publicly during the cooperation, only made easy the politically motivated breaking of contacts.
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Pogled na invalidnost kroz istoriju, (A View on Disability through History )
published in: Hereticus, A Journal for rethinking of the past, Vol.II, No. 3, Belgrade 2004, pp. 49 - 76.
Abstract
Through history, attitudes towards people with disabilities were going through various phases, from acceptance and rejection to reacceptance.
Summary
There were four types of disability: the first one was gained in wars, the second one was a consequence of disease or trauma at birth, the third one resulted from a conflict with the law, while the fourth one was a result of accidents at work. The law regulations towards people with disabilities were restrictive and discriminating.
Rejecting people with disabilities was most often a consequence of fear of disability, whether it was understood as the violation of God’s norms or only as a consequence of disease. Superstition often determined the level up to which people with disabilities would be accepted or rejected, even the methods they would be treated with. There were many assumptions about the appearance of disability with children, which were later rejected. The age limit of mothers-to-be, parents alcoholism and frequent deliveries were believed to be responsible for disability. In the state of Yugoslavia, it was believed that there were about 159,887 of disabled people with disabilities of various causes and levels.
A country with catastrophic health situation and insufficient hygienic culture, such was Yugoslavia between two World wars, had many reasons to define the state of disability. Definitions and their view of disability cause reveal the level of development of health and educational policy towards people with disabilities as a social group. People with disabilities were generally always thought of in the context of incapability in comparison with people without disabilities.
Rasprave o demokratiji u beogradskim casopisima 1929 - 1941 (Discussions on Democracy in Belgrade Magazines, 1929 – 1941)
Published in: History of the 20th Century, no. 2, Belgrade 2004, pp.9 - 23.
The article, based on the writing of Belgrade periodicals, examines attitudes supporter and opponent of democracy, the definition of democracy and the theoretical vision of replaceing democracy with other political options.
Keywords:
democracy; belgrade magazines; 1929; 1941;
Summary:
All the affirmative views on democracy had one thing in common: endeavoring to find the democracy doctrine extensive enough for the general, politic, economic, social and cultural needs of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The intellectual level of articles also depended on times in which magazines appeared. It was believed that democracy was the system with no class monopoly on production. For some, democracy was the selection of the best, for others, it was the process of liberation of human personality through history, even the philosophical concept applied in practice. Democracy was regarded to be viewed best through the principle of non-interference in economy and goods exchange. Liberal phase prolongation of democratic idea was insisted on. Democracy, as the political ideal, did not justify its supporters’ expectation in political practice. In time, the gap between the ideal and its applicability raised to the level of proclaiming basic institutions of democracy to be undemocratic. Criticizing democracy, in the period of dictatorship, was characterized by wandering among doctrines. The direct aim was the repudiation of democracy itself which was also the fundamental political aim of dictatorship. Ideological wandering of the democracy opponents was expressed in various forms, from mysticism and relating democracy with certain characteristics of authoritarian system to rejection of democracy in favor of corporativism.
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Kulturni sukob blokova tokom Hladnog rata u jugoslovenskoj prestonici 1945 - 1955. godine (The Cultural Conflict of the Blocs During the Cold War in the Yugoslav Capital 1945 - 1955)
Published in: Ljubodrag Dimić (ed.),Great Powers and Small Countries in Cold War - issue of ex-Yugoslavia - Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference, Belgrade, November 3rd - 4th, 2003, Belgrade 2005, pp. 321 - 342.
The decade of the Communist reign in Yugoslavia 1945 - 1955 was characterized by the conflict beetwen the politically dominated cultural model of the East and the supressed, but never completely abandoned, cultural values of the West. From 1945 to 1949 the Communist Party was the leader of the wawe of rapid sovietization of the Yugoslav society and culture. A concept was devenloping that art in the service of "dictatorship of the proletariat" should ideologically and politically be "cleaned" from creators whose political views did not correspond to the established system. The cultural market of Yugoslavia became full of Soviet products. Until 1948 the only thought was the necessity to copy the Soviet party art as ideal model.
The first tendencies of separating the Yugoslav creators from the Soviet experience manifested publicly at the Second Congress of Yugoslav writers in 1949. Contacts with the Western cultural scene in the first decade of the Cold War existed from the arrival of the communists to power and survived in limited dimensions during the process of sovietization of the Yugoslav culture. The perception of the Western cultural model was gradually changed. The proclaimed freedom of creation and observation of art from both sides of the "iron curtain" lead the Yugoslav culture, in the later period, to the position of being a mediator in the cultural exchange of the two opposed blocs
U potrazi za izmisljenom stvarnoscu, Jugoslovenski identitet u casopisu "Jugosloven" 1931 - 1932 ( The Quest for the Invented Reality, Yugoslav Identity in the Journal "The Yugoslav" 1931 - 1932 )
Published in: History of the 20th Century, no. 1, Belgrade 2007, pp.37 - 56
The period of the royal dictatorship in Yugoslavia (1929-1934) was characterized with the quest for cultural concepts to absolutise the ideology through the imposition of the one-sided understanding of the political aspect of art.. However, not even the decisive supporters of the Yugoslav idea were of shared opinion regarding the means and the pace of the cultural unification. Both scholarly and publicist historiography was engaged in proving the ancient character of Yugoslavism, sidetracking hence its real development in the 20th century.
Tireless political activity of Jovan Skerlić or the functioning of the Yugoslav Board were not subjects of analysis leaving out of the sight the most fruitful epoch of the Yugoslav idea. That was causing the lack of consciousness and knowledge of the real importance of the idea in the eve of the First World War and during the war. Anthropology was employed in order to emphasize the homogeneity of the ′Yugoslav race′. In order to familiarize the population with such concept, there was an on going quest for the social strata which could be reached with such ideology (f.e the population of Muslim origin). The attempt was also made to revitalize the political life by creating a pretense of political parties to cater to the economical and social needs of the society.
All those actions were followed with the strong ideological thrust in the realm of language, with the purpose of shaping the communication between the government and the masses. Such language was deficient in formulating the ideological goals, which was a consequence of the competition between the concepts of resolving the cultural and political problems of the state. The unsolvable problems that the ideology of the integral Yugoslavism was facing are analyzed in all the articles in the journal "Jugosloven" (The Yugoslav). The problems could not be solved in part due to the discord in the ranks of Yugoslavists, and partly due to the inability to secure the strong state and unified nation through the one-sided ideological imposition. The activity of this short-lived journal is an indirect proof of the ungrounded character of the Yugoslav ideology in socially heterogeneous, traditional society of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.
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Prilog istoriji srpskog streljaštva na Kosovu i Metohiji 1935 - 1956. ( Bullsaye, A Contribution of Serbian Marksmanship on Kosovo and Metohija 1935 - 1956. )
published in: History of the 20th Century, no. 1, Belgrade 2008, pp.41 - 56. N.B. Published in Serbian
Sport periodic editions are the only preserving source of shooting history on Kosovo. During the two decades, interrupted by the Second World War and the establishment of the revolutionary system, marksmanship in Kosovo evolved from small sporting manifestations of local communities to the top of the class, reflected by participations of individuals in getting the collective bronze medal for Serbia on a national Yugoslav competition in 1956.
It is not accidentaly. In both Yugoslav states, shooting was stimulated through power structures in the army. During the Kingdom, the military elite was managing the shooting clubs, and the postwar military also was active in establishing local clubs. Sharpshooters were pressed with expectations of success. Hence the results showing the rise of shooting were largely divorced from reality, in wich the lack of weaponry, particulary pistols, small number of shooting grounds, and lack of interest of Albanians to give a multiethnic dimension to the competition, were all hindering its devenlopment. However, through competition with more successful marksmanship environments, sharpshooters from Kosovo gained the quality needed for success on local, national and international championships.
Jugoslovensko društvo između dva svetska rata(Yugoslav Society in the Interwar Period)
Published in: History of the 20th Century, no. 2, Belgrade 2008, pp.23 - 44.
Society of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia has left numerous testimonials about the failure of formatting in the functional unit. Weaknesses coexistence in the community, the habit of living in conditions of poverty, the primacy of other policy areas over integrative opportunities, economy and culture, set the whole experience of the population.
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Porodicni pogled na politiku, Vidjenja Mirjane Marković 1992 - 1998. (The Family Take on Politics, Insights of Mirjana Marković 1992 - 1998)
Published in: Momčilo Pavlović, Dejan Jović, Vladimir Petrović (eds ), Slobodan Milošević: Road to Power, The Eight Session of the LCS CC, Serbia 20 Years Later 1987 - 2007, Edited volume from intrenational conference held in Belgrde on 21/22 September 2007., Belgrade - Stirling 2008, pp. 214 - 225.
Abstract:
On the basis of historiography, political sciences and memoirs of Milošević's wife, author examined attitudes of Mirjana Marković about her role and impact on the informal power, her ideological views on policy and interpretation 8th session of the LSC CC. She had intentions to governance from the shadows even after the departure of her husband with the political scene in Serbia.
Keywords:
informal power, the Left, ideology, Eight Session, national communism, personality cult, distorted vision of reality
Summary:
Mirjana Markovic, the wife of Slobodan Milosevic, had a powerful role behind the scenes and in the informal system of power. In an ideological sense she represented a mixture of communism, mondialism and feminism, with a strong autocratic content. As a representative of a family of the top postwar party bureaucracy, she was striving to mantain her position an rise of Milosevic to power, trough a constant emission of distorted images of reality trough the media.
She did not bother to negate allegations about excercising polittical influece over her marital partner. Milosevic faction's victory in the 8th session LSC CC she defended trough the public claims that it was a way to prevent the creation of the Republic of Kosovo. She wanted to establish a monopoly over the winner of historical interpretation of the Eight Session. Criticism and attacks on the system of government she solely understood as personal attacks on her and her family. She justify political views trough an alleged sholarship, by creating an artificial simetry between capitalism and the Yugoslav concept of socialism, as two even doctrines. She was obessed with power, and did not even bother to hide it.
Kreiranje nuklearne svesti (The Creation of Nuclear Consciousness)
History of the 20th Century, no. 1, Belgrade 2009, pp. 123 - 138.
Keywords: Yugoslav Radiation Protection Association; nuclear policy.
Abstract
The development of nuclear policy in Yugoslavia was burdened with overlapping jurisdictions, which were shifting from one institution to another, many of which hastily created and quickly disappearing.
Summary
Lawmaking in the area of radiation protection was in the process of constant renewal and change, but this did not affect the incompleteness of norms and regulations. Yugoslav Radiation Protection Association failed to constitute itself for many years, but has won itself a say in lawmaking process. The association was facing megalomania in nuclear energy policy of state leadership, frequently steered by the individuals from institutes for development of the nuclear program. The ignorance of wider public, which had no awareness about the risks of usage of technology of radiation, was one of the obstacles in the development of nuclear policy which was ignored by the politicians.
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